Cape May and West Cape May hold a significant yet often overlooked place in African American history, serving as both a critical stop on the Underground Railroad and one of the earliest African American seaside resorts in the United States.
The Underground Railroad Connection
Cape May’s strategic location at New Jersey’s southernmost tip made it an important waypoint on the Underground Railroad. The area’s proximity to Delaware and Maryland – both slave states – and its access to water routes made it a crucial destination for freedom seekers. The most famous conductor associated with Cape May was Harriet Tubman, who worked as a cook and domestic worker in local hotels during the summer seasons of the 1850s.
Harriet Tubman in Cape May
Tubman’s connection to Cape May is particularly significant. She worked in the city’s hotels and restaurants to earn money to fund her rescue missions. During her time in Cape May, she earned crucial funds that enabled her to conduct her dangerous missions back into Maryland to guide enslaved people to freedom. While the exact locations where she worked are disputed, historical records confirm her presence in Cape May during several summers. For more information about Harriet Tubman’s time in Cape May, visit: Harriet Tubman Museum
Early African American Tourism
By the late 1800s, Cape May had become an important destination for African American vacationers. At a time when many resorts were segregated, Cape May offered relative freedom and opportunities for African American tourists and business owners. The area around Franklin Street became the center of African American life, with Black-owned hotels, restaurants, and entertainment venues. See our things to do page for more information about what to see and do in the Cape May Area.
Historic Buildings and Sites
Several historic buildings remain as testaments to this rich history:
Franklin Street Buildings
- Many historic homes and buildings along Franklin Street were owned and operated by African American families
- Several structures date back to the 1800s
- Some buildings served as safe houses during the Underground Railroad era
The Harriet Tubman Museum
- Opened in 2021
- Located in the former Howell House on Lafayette Street
- Houses artifacts and exhibits documenting African American history in Cape May
- Celebrates Tubman’s connection to the area
- Features local African American history and culture
West Cape May’s African American Community West Cape May has historically been home to a significant African American population. The community developed its own churches, businesses, and social institutions. Notable features include:
Allen AME Church
- One of the oldest African American churches in the area
- Served as a community center and gathering place
- Played a role in the Underground Railroad
Historic Neighborhoods
- Several streets feature homes built and owned by African American families
- Many properties have been passed down through generations
- Some structures date back to the post-Civil War era
Educational and Economic Contributions African Americans in Cape May and West Cape May contributed significantly to the area’s development:
Education
- Established schools for African American children
- Created educational programs within churches
- Developed professional training opportunities
Business Development
- Owned and operated hotels and guest houses
- Established restaurants and entertainment venues
- Created service-based businesses
Cultural Impact
- Developed vibrant music and entertainment scene
- Created strong community organizations
- Established lasting cultural traditions
Preservation Efforts Today, various organizations work to preserve this rich history:
The Center for Community Arts
- Documents and preserves local African American history
- Offers educational programs
- Maintains historical archives
Historic Preservation Commission
- Works to protect historic structures
- Documents historical significance
- Promotes awareness of African American heritage
Local Historical Society
- Maintains records and artifacts
- Offers guided tours
- Provides educational resources
Modern Impact The African American heritage of Cape May and West Cape May continues to influence the community:
Cultural Events
- Annual celebrations highlighting African American history
- Educational programs in local schools
- Community gatherings and commemorations
Tourism
- Heritage tourism focusing on African American history
- Guided tours of historic sites
- Museum exhibits and programs
Community Development
- Ongoing preservation of historic properties
- Support for minority-owned businesses
- Cultural education initiatives
For Further Information:
- Center for Community Arts
- Cape May MAC
- New Jersey Historical Commission
- Harriet Tubman Museum
- The Museum of Cape May County
The rich African American history of Cape May and West Cape May represents an important chapter in both local and national history. From its role in the Underground Railroad to its development as an early integrated resort destination, the area demonstrates the resilience, entrepreneurship, and community spirit of African Americans in the face of adversity. The preservation of this history through museums, historic sites, and community organizations ensures that future generations will understand and appreciate the significant contributions of African Americans to Cape May’s development and character. As we continue to uncover and document this history, we gain a deeper understanding of the complex tapestry that makes up American history. To learn more about Cape May visit our Cape May FAQs page and don’t forget to visit our things to do page too.
